Raws li qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, lub hnub ci zog tau tshwm sim los ua ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws.Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, uas hloov lub hnub ci mus rau hauv hluav taws xob, yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tshuab no. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag no nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lawv cov kev tsim kho. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab tshiab uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Kab lus no tshawb txog qhov kev vam meej uas tau ua hauv daim teb no.
Ua ntej, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog tsim los ntawm cov cell photovoltaic uas nqus lub hnub ci thiab hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) hluav taws xob. Cov cell photovoltaic muaj cov khoom siv semiconductor, uas feem ntau yog silicon, thiab thaum tshav ntuj los ntawm lub cell, cov electrons hauv semiconductor zoo siab, ua kom muaj hluav taws xob txaus. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem raug txwv los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog hom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov hnub ci absorbed thiab qhov kub ntawm cov panels.
Txhawm rau kov yeej cov kev txwv no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom pheej yig tshaj plaws yog perovskite, uas yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov organic thiab inorganic Cheebtsam. Perovskite muaj ntau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor, suav nrog kev nqus lub teeb ntau dua, ntau dua quantum tawm los, thiab cov nqi tsim khoom qis dua. Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm perovskite tau ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo rau silicon hauv kev tsim cov hnub ci hnub ci tom ntej.
Lwm cov khoom cog lus rau hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog graphene, uas yog cov khoom siv ob sab uas muaj cov pa roj carbon atoms teem rau hauv hexagonal lattice. Graphene muaj ntau yam khoom uas ua rau nws yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, nrog rau nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab thiab cov qauv ultra-thin. Graphene-raws li lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua li cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thaum tseem ua tau ntau dua thiab yoog raws.
Cov kws tshawb nrhiav kuj tau tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv sib xyaw, uas sib xyaw cov khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv rau kev ua haujlwm zoo. Piv txwv li, tooj liab indium gallium selenide (CIGS) yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw uas muaj txheej nyias ntawm tooj liab indium gallium selenide muaju rau sab saum toj ntawm silicon substrate. CIGS muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov txheej txheem yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo, ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau cov tsoos silicon solar panels.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no, cov kws tshawb fawb kuj tau tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawmniaj hnub silicon solar panels. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo yog siv nanotechnology los hloov kho qhov chaw ntawm silicon cell, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub teeb nqus thiab txo lub zog poob los ntawm kev xav. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv ntau txheej ntawm silicon hlwb hauv ib lub vaj huam sib luag, uas tuaj yeem ntes tau ntau lub zog los ntawm lub hnub ci thiab ua kom lub zog tag nrho ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab tshiab tshiab rau cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog qhov zoo siab thiab hloov pauv sai heev. Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab no muaj peev xwm hloov pauv txoj hauv kev uas peb tsim thiab siv hluav taws xob, ua rau lub hnub ci hluav taws xob siv tau ntau dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tam sim no, yav tom ntej ntawm lub hnub ci zog zoo li ci dua qub.